Std 10 English chapters › Unit 2
In short: An informative chapter on UNESCO’s World Heritage programme: why and how special places around the world are identified and protected.
(युनेस्कोच्या जागतिक वारसा उपक्रमाविषयी माहितीपर धडा: जगभरातील महत्त्वाची स्थळे का आणि कशी निवडली जातात आणि जपली जातात.)
- Type: Prose (informative)
- Topic: UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- Unit: 2
2.6 World Heritage: English Workshop Question Answers
Answers to every activity in the Std 10 English Kumarbharati textbook (Maharashtra Board), written by a practising English teacher. Read the lesson in your textbook first, then try each activity here before you check the answer.
Warming up 1: I can talk about the world (one continent)
✍️ Choose a continent and fill in the six points with your group first.
Show a sample answer: Asia
| Point | Asia |
|---|---|
| Important cities | New Delhi, Mumbai, Beijing, Tokyo, Singapore, Dubai |
| Places of tourist interest | The Taj Mahal, the Great Wall of China, Angkor Wat, Mount Fuji, the Himalayas |
| Food speciality | Indian thali and biryani, Chinese noodles, Japanese sushi, Thai curries |
| Wildlife | Tigers, Asian elephants, one-horned rhinoceros, giant pandas, snow leopards |
| Regions and vegetation | Snowy mountains, hot deserts, tropical rainforests, grasslands and fertile river plains |
| Human life | The most populated continent, with many languages, religions and festivals; people work in farming, industry and IT |
Warming up 2: Travel brochure or leaflet
See the sample tourism leaflet on Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar below (Q15). It uses the same points.
Short questions from the lesson (margin questions)
- What do World Heritage Sites include?
They include forests, lakes, monuments, buildings and cities. Some sites are a combination of both cultural and natural areas. - What significant aspects should a World Heritage Site have?
It should have significant cultural or natural importance to humanity. - Why did UNESCO launch an international campaign in 1959?
Egypt’s Aswan High Dam would have flooded the valley of the Abu Simbel Temples and many ancient artefacts. So UNESCO launched a campaign to dismantle the temples and move them to higher ground. - Why did a White House Conference in the United States call for a “World Heritage Trust”?
To protect historic and cultural sites, and also the world’s significant natural and scenic sites. - What does the World Heritage Committee consist of?
It consists of representatives from 21 State Parties, elected for six-year terms by the General Assembly. - What is the World Heritage Committee responsible for?
It is mainly responsible for deciding which sites will be listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. - Who makes recommendations to the World Heritage Committee?
Two Advisory Bodies: the International Council on Monuments and Sites and the World Conservation Union. - What is Peru’s Machu Picchu an example of?
It is an example of a mixed World Heritage Site, that is, both natural and cultural. - When was the Convention concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage adopted, and by whom?
It was adopted by UNESCO’s General Conference on 16th November 1972.
Q1. Write the importance of the years
👉 Match each year with what happened, then tap Check my answers.
Answer key
| Year | Importance | Full answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1959 | UNESCO campaign to move the Abu Simbel Temples | UNESCO launched an international campaign to dismantle the Abu Simbel Temples and move them to higher ground. |
| 1965 | White House Conference called for a World Heritage Trust | A White House Conference in the USA called for a "World Heritage Trust". |
| 1968 | IUCN developed similar goals | The International Union for Conservation of Nature developed similar goals. |
| 1972 | Convention adopted by UNESCO (16th November) | The goals were presented in Stockholm, and the Convention was adopted by UNESCO's General Conference on 16th November 1972. |
| 2009 | 890 World Heritage Sites in 148 countries | There were 890 World Heritage Sites in 148 countries. |
Q2. Name the following
👉 Tap the correct answer.
(a) The country where Mount Huangshan is situated
Answer: China. Mount Huangshan is important for its landscape and for Chinese art and literature.
(b) The famous dam in Egypt on the river Nile
Answer: Aswan High Dam. Abu Simbel is the name of the temples, not the dam.
(c) The place where the conference on Human Environment was held
Answer: Stockholm, Sweden. The UN conference was held there in 1972.
(d) The country with the highest number of World Heritage Sites
Answer: Italy. Italy had 44 sites (figure as given in the lesson).
(e) The body which can exclude a site from the World Heritage List
Answer: The World Heritage Committee. It can delete a site that loses its special characteristics.
Q3. Complete the sentences
- The World Heritage Sites include forests, lakes, monuments, buildings and cities.
- There are around 890 World Heritage Sites in the world (in 2009, as given in the lesson).
- The role of the World Heritage Committee is to decide which sites will be listed as World Heritage Sites.
- The tenure of the World Heritage Committee is six years.
- We can get more information about World Heritage Sites from its website, whc.unesco.org.
मराठी टीप: पाठातील आकडे 2009 चे आहेत. आज भारतात 44 जागतिक वारसा स्थळे आहेत (2025 पर्यंत), पण परीक्षेत पाठातील आकडे (890, भारत 36) लिहा.
Q4. Web: why are World Heritage Sites in danger?
| Reasons from the lesson |
|---|
| War |
| Poaching |
| Natural disasters like earthquakes |
| Uncontrolled urbanisation |
| Heavy tourist traffic |
| Environmental factors like air pollution and acid rain |
Which of these is not given as a danger in the lesson?
Answer: Too many school trips. The lesson mentions heavy tourist traffic in general, but not school trips.
Q5. Answer in your own words
✍️ Write your own answers first.
Show model answers
(a) Our duties towards preserving a historical site: We should obey the rules displayed at the entrance and never write or scratch names on walls. We must keep the place clean and use dustbins. We should not touch or damage carvings and paintings, and we should report any damage to the guards.
(b) Why we should preserve World Heritage Sites: These sites are the history, art and natural wealth of all humanity. Once destroyed, they can never be replaced. They teach us about our past, give us pride in our culture, and must be handed down safely to future generations.
(c) Their role in promoting tourism: A World Heritage tag makes a place famous all over the world, so tourists from India and abroad visit it. This brings foreign exchange, creates jobs for guides, hotels, transport and handicraft sellers, and improves roads and facilities in the area.
Q6. Make sentences about our duties
✍️ Write one sentence for each duty first.
Show sample sentences
- Obey rules and regulations: Visitors must obey the rules and regulations displayed at the entrance.
- Maintain discipline and order: We should stand in a queue and move around the site in an orderly way.
- Maintain cleanliness: We must not spit, litter or write on the walls of the monument.
- Use dustbins and garbage bags: Wrappers and plastic bottles should be put only in dustbins or carried back in garbage bags.
- Observe silence: We should not shout or play loud music, so that others can enjoy the place peacefully.
- Maintain environmental safety: We must not pluck plants, disturb animals or light fires near the site.
- Protect our country’s history and heritage: We should treat every monument as our own property and inform the authorities if we see anyone damaging it.
Q7. Flow chart: how a site becomes a World Heritage Site
Put the steps in the correct order:
- Take an inventory of important sites in the country or state.
- Include the name of the site in a Tentative List after the inventory.
- Include the name of the site from the Tentative List in the Nomination File.
- The Advisory Bodies review the Nomination File.
- The World Heritage Committee decides after reviewing the file.
- The site meets the criteria, and its name is inscribed on the World Heritage List.
Answer key: correct order
- Take an inventory of important sites in the country or state.
- Include the name of the site in a Tentative List after the inventory.
- Include the name of the site from the Tentative List in the Nomination File.
- The Advisory Bodies review the Nomination File.
- The World Heritage Committee decides after reviewing the file.
- The site meets the criteria, and its name is inscribed on the World Heritage List.
Textbook option numbers: Take an inventory → 3 → 1 → 5 → 4 → 2.
Q8. Match the pairs: roles of World Heritage Sites
👉 Choose the correct ending for each line, then tap Check my answers.
Answer key
| A | B | Pair |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Identify cultural and natural sites of… | special importance for everyone | 1 – h |
| 2. Identify sites… | of outstanding universal value across countries | 2 – b |
| 3. Identify sites that represent… | best examples of world's cultural and/or natural heritage | 3 – g |
| 4. UNESCO seeks to… | protect these sites | 4 – f |
| 5. World Heritage Sites should have… | relevant development plan policies | 5 – i |
| 6. World Heritage Sites should… | preserve outstanding sites and natural resources | 6 – c |
| 7. World Heritage Sites serve as… | an asset for economic development and investment | 7 – e |
| 8. World Heritage Sites should ensure… | green, local based, stable and decent jobs | 8 – a |
| 9. It should at large develop… | tourism | 9 – d |
Q9. World heritage and cultural heritage: what is the difference?
World heritage means places of outstanding value to all humanity, chosen by UNESCO and listed on the World Heritage List. They may be cultural, natural or mixed, for example the Western Ghats (natural) or the Ellora Caves (cultural).
Cultural heritage means everything that a community inherits from its past: monuments, temples, forts, art, music, dance, festivals, language and traditions. Every country has a rich cultural heritage, but only some of its sites become World Heritage Sites.
Q10. Paragraph on preserving World Heritage Sites
✍️ Write your own paragraph and title first.
Show a model paragraph
Save Our Heritage for Tomorrow
World Heritage Sites belong to the whole of humanity, so we must take practical steps to conserve them for posterity. Many sites are damaged by human and animal trespassing, so they need strong fencing and watchful guards. Unmonitored, uncontrolled and unrestricted access by crowds of visitors wears down floors, walls and paintings, so the number of visitors should be controlled and tickets should be checked. Another threat is negligence by the local administration. Officials must repair the sites on time, keep them clean and act against those who damage them. If the government and citizens work together, these treasures will survive for many generations.
Q11. Word register: words related to cultural heritage (in alphabetical order)
art · artefacts · buildings · cities · culture · heritage · historic · literature · monuments · temples
Language Study: Question Answers
Q12. Choose the correct meaning
👉 Tap the correct meaning.
determine
Answer: decide. UNESCO determines, that is, decides, which sites are important.
monument
Answer: memorial building. A monument is a building or structure built in memory of a person or event.
significant
Answer: important. Sites of “significant” importance are very important.
disaster
Answer: calamity. An earthquake is a natural disaster, a calamity.
Q13. Rewrite using “not only… but also” and “as well as”
✍️ Rewrite all five sentences in two ways first.
Show answers
- Not only UNESCO but also the International Council on Monuments initiated a draft convention to create an international organisation responsible for protecting cultural heritage.
UNESCO as well as the International Council on Monuments initiated a draft convention… - The State Parties are responsible not only for identifying but also for nominating new sites.
The State Parties are responsible for identifying as well as nominating new sites. - Not only the Opera House in Australia but also the Historic Center of Vienna in Austria is a cultural site of World Heritage.
The Opera House in Australia as well as the Historic Center of Vienna in Austria is a cultural site of World Heritage. - World Heritage Sites can be a combination of not only cultural but also natural areas.
World Heritage Sites can be a combination of cultural as well as natural areas. - To protect not only the temples but also the artefacts, UNESCO launched an international campaign.
To protect the temples as well as the artefacts, UNESCO launched an international campaign.
Grammar tip: with “not only A but also B”, the verb agrees with B. With “A as well as B”, the verb agrees with A. That is why (iii) uses “is”. मराठी टीप: “and” काढून टाका; “both” असल्यास तेही काढा.
Q14. Rewrite using “No sooner… than”
👉 Tap the correct sentence.
As soon as the Bill is passed, it will become an Act.
Answer: No sooner is the Bill passed than it will become an Act. The helping verb “is” comes right after “No sooner”, and we use “than”, not “when”.
As soon as the thief escaped, the family informed the police.
Answer: No sooner did the thief escape than the family informed the police. Simple past: use “did” + base form (escape).
As soon as you have finished, you can submit your answer-papers.
Answer: No sooner have you finished than you can submit your answer-papers. The helping verb “have” moves before the subject “you”.
As soon as they can manage, they should change their house.
Answer: No sooner can they manage than they should change their house. “can” is the helping verb, so it comes before “they”.
As soon as the bell will ring, the School Assembly will start.
Answer: No sooner will the bell ring than the School Assembly will start. “will” comes before the subject, followed by the base form “ring”.
मराठी टीप: No sooner + सहाय्यक क्रियापद (is/did/have/can/will) + कर्ता + क्रियापद + than…
Q15. Tourism Leaflet (Sample): Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar
✍️ Prepare your own leaflet on your home town, a historical place, a place of natural beauty or a place of pilgrimage first.
Show the sample leaflet
VISIT CHHATRAPATI SAMBHAJINAGAR: THE CITY OF GATES
Home of two World Heritage Sites!
Top five spots to visit: (1) Ellora Caves, with the giant Kailasa temple carved out of one rock (2) Ajanta Caves, famous for ancient Buddhist paintings (3) Bibi Ka Maqbara (4) Daulatabad Fort (5) Grishneshwar Jyotirlinga Temple
Special features: Rock-cut caves of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths; a hill fort with secret passages; a monument that looks like the Taj Mahal
Mouthwatering cuisine: Naan khaliya, Maharashtrian thali, and sweet imartis
Other nearby spots: Paithan (famous for Paithani sarees), Lonar Crater Lake, Panchakki
Have fun: Shopping for Himroo shawls and Paithani sarees, the Ellora festival of music and dance
How to reach: Nearest airport: Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar Airport · Railway station: Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar · Bus: Central Bus Stand
HAPPY JOURNEY!
Q16. Project: World Heritage Sites in Maharashtra
- Ajanta Caves (1983)
- Ellora Caves (1983)
- Elephanta Caves (1987)
- Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Mumbai (2004)
- Western Ghats (2012, shared with other states)
- Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai (2018)
- Maratha Military Landscapes of India (2025): forts of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj such as Raigad, Shivneri and Pratapgad
Sample impression (Ellora Caves): When I visited the Ellora Caves, I was amazed to see the Kailasa temple, carved from a single rock from top to bottom. The caves of three religions stand side by side, which shows the harmony of ancient India. I felt proud of our sculptors and decided never to damage any monument.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a World Heritage Site?
A World Heritage Site is a place chosen by UNESCO for its significant cultural or natural importance to humanity. Such sites are protected and maintained under the World Heritage Programme.
Why did UNESCO move the Abu Simbel Temples?
The Aswan High Dam on the Nile would have flooded the valley of the Abu Simbel Temples, so in 1959 UNESCO launched a campaign to dismantle the temples and move them to higher ground.
What are the steps to become a World Heritage Site?
Make an inventory (Tentative List), put the site in a Nomination File, get a review by the Advisory Bodies, get a decision from the World Heritage Committee, and meet at least one of ten selection criteria.
Why are World Heritage Sites in danger?
They are in danger because of war, poaching, natural disasters like earthquakes, uncontrolled urbanisation, heavy tourist traffic, air pollution and acid rain.
Which World Heritage Sites are in Maharashtra?
Ajanta Caves, Ellora Caves, Elephanta Caves, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, the Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai, the Western Ghats and the Maratha Military Landscapes of India.
Summary in English
The chapter explains how the idea of protecting ‘world heritage’ began. In 1959, when a dam planned in Egypt threatened to flood ancient temples, UNESCO led an international campaign to save them. This showed that some places belong to all humanity, not just to one country.
In 1972 UNESCO adopted the World Heritage Convention. Countries nominate important places, experts study them, and the World Heritage Committee decides which sites to add to the list. Sites can be cultural (monuments, buildings, historic towns) or natural (forests, mountains, wildlife areas).
Sites in danger receive help from the World Heritage Fund, and a site can be removed from the list if it loses the qualities that made it special. The chapter also explains the difference between world heritage and a society’s own cultural heritage.
मराठीत सारांश (Summary in Marathi)
‘जागतिक वारसा’ जपण्याची कल्पना कशी सुरू झाली ते हा धडा सांगतो. १९५९ मध्ये इजिप्तमधील एका धरणामुळे प्राचीन मंदिरे पाण्याखाली जाण्याचा धोका निर्माण झाला, तेव्हा युनेस्कोने ती वाचवण्यासाठी आंतरराष्ट्रीय मोहीम चालवली. काही स्थळे एका देशाची नसून संपूर्ण मानवजातीची असतात, हे यातून दिसले.
१९७२ मध्ये युनेस्कोने जागतिक वारसा करार स्वीकारला. देश महत्त्वाच्या स्थळांचे नामांकन करतात, तज्ज्ञ त्यांचा अभ्यास करतात आणि जागतिक वारसा समिती कोणती स्थळे यादीत घ्यायची ते ठरवते. स्थळे सांस्कृतिक (स्मारके, इमारती, ऐतिहासिक शहरे) किंवा नैसर्गिक (जंगले, पर्वत, वन्यजीव क्षेत्रे) असू शकतात.
धोक्यात असलेल्या स्थळांना जागतिक वारसा निधीतून मदत मिळते, आणि एखाद्या स्थळाचे वैशिष्ट्य नष्ट झाल्यास त्याला यादीतून काढले जाऊ शकते. जागतिक वारसा आणि समाजाचा स्वतःचा सांस्कृतिक वारसा यातील फरकही धड्यात सांगितला आहे.
Theme and Message (मध्यवर्ती कल्पना)
Some places are so precious that protecting them is the duty of the whole world, and each of us can help preserve our heritage.
काही स्थळे इतकी मौल्यवान आहेत की त्यांचे रक्षण ही संपूर्ण जगाची जबाबदारी आहे; आपला वारसा जपण्यात आपल्यापैकी प्रत्येकजण हातभार लावू शकतो.
World Heritage Sites in Maharashtra (महाराष्ट्रातील जागतिक वारसा स्थळे)
A good local example for your answers: Maharashtra’s World Heritage Sites include the Ajanta Caves, the Ellora Caves, the Elephanta Caves and Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus in Mumbai.
Useful Words (शब्दार्थ)
| Word | मराठी अर्थ | Use it in a sentence |
|---|---|---|
| heritage | वारसा | The fort is part of our heritage. |
| preserve | जतन करणे | We must preserve old monuments. |
| monument | स्मारक | The Taj Mahal is a famous monument. |
| nominate | नामांकन करणे | India nominated the site for the list. |
| endangered | धोक्यात असलेले | The tiger is an endangered animal. |
| convention | करार, अधिवेशन | Many countries signed the convention. |
For the Exam (परीक्षेसाठी)
- Be ready to explain what a World Heritage Site is and the difference between cultural and natural heritage.
- The activities use linking phrases such as not only … but also and no sooner … than. For example: Ajanta is not only old but also beautiful. No sooner had the dam been planned than the temples were in danger.
Think and Write (विचार करा, लिहा)
- Write a short paragraph on a heritage place near your home.
- Suggest three ways students can help protect monuments.
- Prepare a 5-slide presentation plan on a World Heritage Site in India.
🎮 Practice Games: World Heritage
Extra practice for revision, beyond the textbook activities. Play every game, then check your total score and stars! (उजळणीसाठी खेळ.)
🏛️ Cultural or natural heritage?
🗂️ Sort these World Heritage Sites in India.
Which type of site?
🎬 How a site gets listed
Put the steps in order.
From nomination to the list
- A country nominates an important place.
- Experts study and evaluate the site.
- The World Heritage Committee decides.
- The site is added to the World Heritage List.
🔤 Word meanings
🎯 Tap the English word and its Marathi meaning.
English ↔ मराठी
⚡ Quick quiz
👉 Tap the correct answer.
What began the idea of world heritage in 1959?
Answer: UNESCO led a campaign to save them.
In which year was the World Heritage Convention adopted?
Answer: UNESCO adopted it in 1972.
What helps sites in danger?
Answer: Endangered sites receive help from it.
Can a site be removed from the list?
Answer: Listing is not permanent.
Online test · 15 questions
2.6 World Heritage: Lesson Test
Multiple choice · instant score with answers · certificate for 80% and above · free, no login
शिक्षकांसाठी: धडा शिकवून झाल्यावर ही test वर्गाला पाठवा. प्रत्येक विद्यार्थ्याचे गुण तुम्हाला आपोआप मिळतील.
These are original study notes and answers by englishresources.in to help you revise. Read the chapter in your Balbharati textbook first: these notes do not replace it. Only short phrases from the lesson and the activities are quoted, for reference.