Parts of Speech in English Grammar (शब्दांच्या जाती) – A Complete Bilingual Guide
Learn the 8 basic building blocks of English grammar with clear definitions, Marathi explanations, and practical sentence examples.
What are Parts of Speech? In English grammar, words are categorized into 8 Parts of Speech based on their function within a sentence.
(इंग्रजी व्याकरणात शब्दांच्या वाक्यातील कार्यानुसार त्यांचे ८ मुख्य प्रकारांमध्ये वर्गीकरण केले जाते, ज्यांना ‘शब्दांच्या जाती’ म्हणतात.)
1. Noun (नाम)
English Definition: A noun is a word used to name a person, place, thing, animal, quality, or idea.
मराठी व्याख्या: कोणत्याही व्यक्ती, स्थळ, वस्तू, प्राणी, गुण किंवा कल्पनेच्या नावाला ‘नाम’ असे म्हणतात.
Examples (उदाहरणे):
- Person (व्यक्ती): Rohan, Teacher, Doctor
- Place (ठिकाण): Mumbai, School, River
- Thing / Animal (वस्तू / प्राणी): Book, Pen, Elephant
- Quality / Idea (गुण / विचार): Honesty, Freedom, Kindness
Example Sentence: Ramesh lives in Pune and loves his dog.
(रमेश पुण्यात राहतो आणि त्याचे त्याच्या कुत्र्यावर प्रेम आहे.)
2. Pronoun (सर्वनाम)
English Definition: A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun to avoid unnecessary repetition.
मराठी व्याख्या: नामाचा वारंवार होणारा उच्चार टाळण्यासाठी नामाऐवजी वापरल्या जाणाऱ्या शब्दाला ‘सर्वनाम’ म्हणतात.
Examples (उदाहरणे): I, We, You, He, She, It, They, Me, Us, Him, Her, Them
Example Sentence: Anita is a clever student. She always completes her homework on time.
(अनिता एक हुशार विद्यार्थिनी आहे. ती नेहमी तिचा गृहपाठ वेळेवर पूर्ण करते.)
3. Verb (क्रियापद)
English Definition: A verb is a word that expresses an action, state of being, or possession. It is the core of a complete sentence.
मराठी व्याख्या: वाक्यातील क्रिया दर्शविणाऱ्या आणि वाक्याचा अर्थ पूर्ण करणाऱ्या शब्दाला ‘क्रियापद’ म्हणतात.
- Action Verbs (क्रिया): Run, Read, Write, Speak
- Helping / State Verbs (स्थितीदर्शक / सहाय्यकारी): Am, Is, Are, Was, Were, Have, Has
Example Sentence: The children play in the garden every evening.
(मुलं रोज संध्याकाळी बागेत खेळतात.)
4. Adjective (विशेषण)
English Definition: An adjective is a word that describes, qualifies, or adds meaning to a noun or pronoun.
मराठी व्याख्या: नामाबद्दल किंवा सर्वनामाबद्दल विशेष माहिती सांगणाऱ्या शब्दाला ‘विशेषण’ म्हणतात.
Examples (उदाहरणे): Beautiful, Tall, Honest, Five, Blue, Cold, Sweet
Example Sentence: She wore a beautiful dress and held two red roses.
(तिने एक सुंदर ड्रेस घातला होता आणि तिच्या हातात दोन लाल गुलाब होते.)
5. Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
English Definition: An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb (answering how, when, where, or to what extent).
मराठी व्याख्या: क्रियापदाबद्दल, विशेषणाबद्दल किंवा दुसऱ्या क्रियाविशेषणाबद्दल अधिक माहिती देणाऱ्या शब्दाला ‘क्रियाविशेषण’ म्हणतात.
Examples (उदाहरणे): Quickly, Slowly, Yesterday, Here, Very, Carefully
Example Sentence: The turtle walked slowly, but the rabbit ran very fast.
(कासव हळूहळू चालले, पण ससा खूप वेगाने धावला.)
6. Preposition (शब्दयोगी अव्यय)
English Definition: A preposition is placed before a noun or pronoun to show direction, time, place, or spatial relationship to other words.
मराठी व्याख्या: नाम किंवा सर्वनामाच्या आधी येऊन त्या नामाचा वाक्यातील इतर शब्दांशी संबंध जोडणाऱ्या शब्दाला ‘शब्दयोगी अव्यय’ म्हणतात.
Examples (उदाहरणे): In, On, At, Under, Between, Behind, With, For, Into
Example Sentence: The cat is sleeping under the table in the room.
(मांजर खोलीत टेबलच्या खाली झोपली आहे.)
7. Conjunction (उभयान्वयी अव्यय)
English Definition: A conjunction is a connecting word used to join words, phrases, or complete clauses together.
मराठी व्याख्या: दोन किंवा अधिक शब्द, शब्दसमूह किंवा वाक्ये यांना जोडणाऱ्या शब्दाला ‘उभयान्वयी अव्यय’ म्हणतात.
Examples (उदाहरणे): And, But, Or, Because, Although, So, Since
Example Sentence: He ran fast, but he missed the bus because he was late.
(तो वेगाने धावला, पण त्याची बस चुकली कारण त्याला उशीर झाला होता.)
8. Interjection (केवलप्रयोगी अव्यय)
English Definition: An interjection is a word or exclamation used to express sudden and strong emotions like joy, shock, or sorrow.
मराठी व्याख्या: मनातील आनंद, दुःख, आश्चर्य किंवा भीती यांसारख्या तीव्र भावना अचानक व्यक्त करणाऱ्या उद्गारवाचक शब्दाला ‘केवलप्रयोगी अव्यय’ म्हणतात.
Examples (उदाहरणे): Wow!, Alas!, Hurrah!, Oh!, Ouch!, Bravo!
Example Sentence: Hurrah! We won the championship match!
(हुर्रे! आम्ही अंतिम सामना जिंकला!)
Summary Table: 8 Parts of Speech (तक्ता)
| Part of Speech | मराठी नाव | Function (कार्य) | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Noun | नाम | Names a person, place, or thing | Sahil, River, Book |
| Pronoun | सर्वनाम | Replaces a noun | He, She, It, They |
| Verb | क्रियापद | Expresses action or state | Read, Is, Play |
| Adjective | विशेषण | Describes a noun or pronoun | Clever, Tall, Blue |
| Adverb | क्रियाविशेषण | Modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb | Quickly, Quietly, Very |
| Preposition | शब्दयोगी अव्यय | Shows relationship/position | In, On, Under, With |
| Conjunction | उभयान्वयी अव्यय | Joins words, clauses, or sentences | And, But, Because |
| Interjection | केवलप्रयोगी अव्यय | Expresses sudden strong emotion | Wow!, Alas!, Ouch! |
Test Your Understanding — Parts of Speech Quiz
तुमची समज तपासा! Answer all 10 questions and see your score at the end.
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